Class 12th biology:- Principles of Prevention

 

Class 12 biology: Principles of Prevention

There are different steps and measures taken to get rid of the diseases and infections. But while treating the infectious diseases, three types of limitation are faced. First one is that if someone has a disease, the body functions are damaged such that they might not be recovered completely. The second is that treatment takes time and even if a patient is given proper treatment, the patient is likely to be bedridden for some time. The third one is that person suffering from an infectious disease may serve as the source for spread of the infection to other people. Therefore, it is important to prevent diseases by following the ways and principles of prevention before they harm a person.

Principles of prevention video

Table of contents

·        Ways of prevention of infections 1.      General ways of prevention 2.      Specific ways of prevention ·        Immunization ·        Things to remember ·        Sample questions

Ways of prevention of infections

Generally, there are two ways to prevent any disease from entering a human body. One is general and another is specific for each disease.

General ways of prevention

The general ways of prevention of disease are mostly related to preventing exposure. Some easy steps that can be taken to prevent the spread of infections are below:

·        Exposure to airborne microbes can be prevented by avoiding crowded living conditions.

·        Water borne microbes can be prevented by drinking clean water.

·        Hygienic conditions must be maintained in the surroundings and environment to prevent breeding of mosquitoes and spread of vector borne diseases.

Specific ways of prevention

The specific ways of prevention are related to the immune system that fights off the infections. When the immune system sees an infection causing microbe, it fights against the microbe and also remembers it so that when the same microbe enters the body again, the immune system fights with even greater vigor. And the second time, the infection is eliminated quickly than the first time. This is the basis of the principle of immunization.

What is Immunization?

The process of making a person resistant to a particular disease by using or injecting vaccine is called immunization. A vaccine activates the immune system of a person against a particular infection and prevents the body from that particular infection. Vaccines have been developed for preventing different harmful infections and diseases such as measles, tetanus, smallpox, corona virus etc. the process of immunization has proved to be effective for prevention of several infections and decreasing mortality rate to a great extent.

Important points to remember

a)      Prevention of disease is more beneficial than its successful care.

b)     Exposure to different infections can be prevented by avoiding crowded living, drinking safe water, maintaining hygienic surroundings and clean environment.

c)      Infectious diseases can also be prevented by immunization.

d)     Immunization is the process of making human body resistant to a particular disease by administration of vaccine.

Sample questions

Ques-1. Name the ways of prevention of infections?

Ans. There are two ways of prevention. One is general and another is specific.

Ques-2 what are the limitations of treatment of a disease?

Ans. When a person is exposed to infections, treatment is required. But while treating the infection, three types of limitations are faced.

1.      The first is that the body functions are damaged.

2.      The second is that the treatment of a disease takes time because of which the patient may feel bedridden for some time even if the patient is given the proper treatment.

3.      The third is that the patient suffering from disease may serve as the source of the spread of infections to other persons.

Ques-3 What are general ways of prevention?

Ans. The general ways of prevention are related to preventing exposure to any disease. The exposure can be prevented by maintaining hygienic surroundings, drinking clean water and avoiding crowds.

Ques-4 what are specific ways of prevention

Ans. The specific way of prevention is related to the immune system of a person. The immune system fights the infection and remembers it to act on it when the infection again enters the body. The immune system can be activated by process of immunization.

Ques-5 what is immunization?

Ans. The process in which a person is made resistant to a particular disease or infection by administration of vaccine is called immunization. Different diseases have been prevented from spreading by developing vaccines. Theses diseases include measles, tetanus, smallpox etc. immunization is an effective way to prevent spread of infections and decrease mortality rate.

Ques-6 why is prevention of a disease more important than cure?

Ans. Prevention has proven to be effective in stopping the spread of infections to a great extent. By following the steps of prevention, one can easily save himself from diseases and infection. But when a person fails to prevent himself from infections, treatment is needed. But during the treatment of infection, three types of limitations are faced that include; damage to the body functions that can not be recovered completely, the patient is likely to be bedridden for some time even if the patient receives the proper treatment, and the patient may serve as the source for the spread of infections to other people.

Therefore, it is important to prevent yourself from a disease than treatment.